tageditor/cli/mainfeatures.cpp

#include "./mainfeatures.h"
#include "./helper.h"
#include "./attachmentinfo.h"

#include "../application/knownfieldmodel.h"
#if defined(TAGEDITOR_GUI_QTWIDGETS) || defined(TAGEDITOR_GUI_QTQUICK)
# include "../misc/utility.h"
# include "../misc/htmlinfo.h"
#endif

#include <tagparser/mediafileinfo.h>
#include <tagparser/tag.h>
#include <tagparser/tagvalue.h>
#include <tagparser/abstracttrack.h>
#include <tagparser/abstractattachment.h>
#include <tagparser/abstractchapter.h>

#include <c++utilities/application/failure.h>
#include <c++utilities/application/commandlineutils.h>
#include <c++utilities/conversion/stringconversion.h>
#include <c++utilities/conversion/stringbuilder.h>
#include <c++utilities/conversion/conversionexception.h>
#include <c++utilities/io/ansiescapecodes.h>
#include <c++utilities/io/catchiofailure.h>
#include <c++utilities/io/nativefilestream.h>

#if defined(TAGEDITOR_GUI_QTWIDGETS) || defined(TAGEDITOR_GUI_QTQUICK)
# include <QDir>
# include <qtutilities/misc/conversion.h>
#endif

#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>

using namespace std;
using namespace ApplicationUtilities;
using namespace ConversionUtilities;
using namespace ChronoUtilities;
using namespace IoUtilities;
using namespace EscapeCodes;
using namespace Settings;
using namespace Media;
#if defined(TAGEDITOR_GUI_QTWIDGETS) || defined(TAGEDITOR_GUI_QTQUICK)
using namespace Utility;
#endif

namespace Cli {

#define FIELD_NAMES \
    "title album artist genre year comment bpm bps lyricist track disk part totalparts encoder\n" \
    "recorddate performers duration language encodersettings lyrics synchronizedlyrics grouping\n" \
    "recordlabel cover composer rating description"

#define TAG_MODIFIER \
    "tag=id3v1 tag=id3v2 tag=id3 tag=itunes tag=vorbis tag=matroska tag=all"

#define TARGET_MODIFIER \
    "target-level target-levelname target-tracks target-tracks\n" \
    "target-chapters target-editions target-attachments target-reset"

const char *const fieldNames = FIELD_NAMES;
const char *const fieldNamesForSet = FIELD_NAMES " " TAG_MODIFIER " " TARGET_MODIFIER;

void printFieldNames(const ArgumentOccurrence &)
{
    CMD_UTILS_START_CONSOLE;

    cout << fieldNames;
    cout << "\nTag modifier: " << TAG_MODIFIER;
    cout << "\nTarget modifier: " << TARGET_MODIFIER << endl;
}

void generateFileInfo(const ArgumentOccurrence &, const Argument &inputFileArg, const Argument &outputFileArg, const Argument &validateArg)
{
    CMD_UTILS_START_CONSOLE;

#if defined(TAGEDITOR_GUI_QTWIDGETS) || defined(TAGEDITOR_GUI_QTQUICK)
    try {
        // parse tags
        MediaFileInfo inputFileInfo(inputFileArg.values().front());
        inputFileInfo.setForceFullParse(validateArg.isPresent());
        inputFileInfo.open(true);
        inputFileInfo.parseEverything();
        (outputFileArg.isPresent() ? cout : cerr) << "Saving file info for \"" << inputFileArg.values().front() << "\" ..." << endl;
        NotificationList origNotify;
        if(outputFileArg.isPresent()) {
            QFile file(fromNativeFileName(outputFileArg.values().front()));
            if(file.open(QFile::WriteOnly) && file.write(HtmlInfo::generateInfo(inputFileInfo, origNotify)) && file.flush()) {
                cout << "File information has been saved to \"" << outputFileArg.values().front() << "\"." << endl;
            } else {
                cerr << Phrases::Error << "An IO error occured when writing the file \"" << outputFileArg.values().front() << "\"." << Phrases::EndFlush;
            }
        } else {
            cout << HtmlInfo::generateInfo(inputFileInfo, origNotify).data() << endl;
        }
    } catch(const Media::Failure &) {
        cerr << Phrases::Error << "A parsing failure occured when reading the file \"" << inputFileArg.values().front() << "\"." << Phrases::EndFlush;
    } catch(...) {
        ::IoUtilities::catchIoFailure();
        cerr << Phrases::Error << "An IO failure occured when reading the file \"" << inputFileArg.values().front() << "\"." << Phrases::EndFlush;
    }
#else
    VAR_UNUSED(inputFileArg);
    VAR_UNUSED(outputFileArg);
    VAR_UNUSED(validateArg);
    cerr << Phrases::Error << "Generating HTML info is only available if built with Qt support." << Phrases::EndFlush;
#endif
}

void displayFileInfo(const ArgumentOccurrence &, const Argument &filesArg, const Argument &verboseArg)
{
    CMD_UTILS_START_CONSOLE;

    // check whether files have been specified
    if(!filesArg.isPresent() || filesArg.values().empty()) {
        cerr << Phrases::Error << "No files have been specified." << Phrases::End;
        return;
    }

    MediaFileInfo fileInfo;
    for(const char *file : filesArg.values()) {
        try {
            // parse tags
            fileInfo.setPath(file);
            fileInfo.open(true);
            fileInfo.parseContainerFormat();
            fileInfo.parseTracks();
            fileInfo.parseAttachments();
            fileInfo.parseChapters();

            // print general/container-related info
            cout << "Technical information for \"" << file << "\":\n";
            cout << " - " << TextAttribute::Bold << "Container format: " << fileInfo.containerFormatName() << Phrases::End;
            if(const auto container = fileInfo.container()) {
                size_t segmentIndex = 0;
                for(const auto &title : container->titles()) {
                    if(segmentIndex) {
                        printProperty("Title", title % " (segment " % ++segmentIndex + ")");
                    } else {
                        ++segmentIndex;
                        printProperty("Title", title);
                    }
                }
                printProperty("Document type", container->documentType());
                printProperty("Read version", container->readVersion());
                printProperty("Version", container->version());
                printProperty("Document read version", container->doctypeReadVersion());
                printProperty("Document version", container->doctypeVersion());
                printProperty("Duration", container->duration());
                printProperty("Creation time", container->creationTime());
                printProperty("Modification time", container->modificationTime());
                printProperty("Tag position", container->determineTagPosition());
                printProperty("Index position", container->determineIndexPosition());
            }
            if(fileInfo.paddingSize()) {
                printProperty("Padding", dataSizeToString(fileInfo.paddingSize()));
            }

            // print tracks
            const auto tracks = fileInfo.tracks();
            if(!tracks.empty()) {
                cout << " - " << TextAttribute::Bold << "Tracks: " << fileInfo.technicalSummary() << Phrases::End;
                for(const auto *track : tracks) {
                    printProperty("ID", track->id(), nullptr, true);
                    printProperty("Name", track->name());
                    printProperty("Type", track->mediaTypeName());
                    if(track->language() != "und") {
                        printProperty("Language", track->language());
                    }
                    const char *fmtName = track->formatName(), *fmtAbbr = track->formatAbbreviation();
                    printProperty("Format", fmtName);
                    if(strcmp(fmtName, fmtAbbr)) {
                        printProperty("Abbreviation", fmtAbbr);
                    }
                    printProperty("Extensions", track->format().extensionName());
                    printProperty("Raw format ID", track->formatId());
                    if(track->size()) {
                        printProperty("Size", dataSizeToString(track->size(), true));
                    }
                    printProperty("Duration", track->duration());
                    printProperty("FPS", track->fps());
                    if(track->channelConfigString()) {
                        printProperty("Channel config", track->channelConfigString());
                    } else {
                        printProperty("Channel count", track->channelCount());
                    }
                    if(track->extensionChannelConfigString()) {
                        printProperty("Extension channel config", track->extensionChannelConfigString());
                    }
                    printProperty("Bitrate", track->bitrate(), "kbit/s");
                    printProperty("Bits per sample", track->bitsPerSample());
                    printProperty("Sampling frequency", track->samplingFrequency(), "Hz");
                    printProperty("Extension sampling frequency", track->extensionSamplingFrequency(), "Hz");
                    printProperty(track->mediaType() == MediaType::Video
                                  ? "Frame count"
                                  : "Sample count",
                                  track->sampleCount());
                    printProperty("Creation time", track->creationTime());
                    printProperty("Modification time", track->modificationTime());
                    vector<string> labels;
                    labels.reserve(7);
                    if(track->isInterlaced()) {
                        labels.emplace_back("interlaced");
                    }
                    if(!track->isEnabled()) {
                        labels.emplace_back("disabled");
                    }
                    if(track->isDefault()) {
                        labels.emplace_back("default");
                    }
                    if(track->isForced()) {
                        labels.emplace_back("forced");
                    }
                    if(track->hasLacing()) {
                        labels.emplace_back("has lacing");
                    }
                    if(track->isEncrypted()) {
                        labels.emplace_back("encrypted");
                    }
                    if(!labels.empty()) {
                        printProperty("Labeled as", joinStrings(labels, ", "));
                    }
                    cout << '\n';
                }
            } else {
                cout << " - File has no (supported) tracks.\n";
            }

            // print attachments
            const auto attachments = fileInfo.attachments();
            if(!attachments.empty()) {
                cout << " - " << TextAttribute::Bold << "Attachments:" << TextAttribute::Reset << '\n';
                for(const auto *attachment : attachments) {
                    printProperty("ID", attachment->id());
                    printProperty("Name", attachment->name());
                    printProperty("MIME-type", attachment->mimeType());
                    printProperty("Description", attachment->description());
                    if(attachment->data()) {
                        printProperty("Size", dataSizeToString(static_cast<uint64>(attachment->data()->size()), true));
                    }
                    cout << '\n';
                }
            }

            // print chapters
            const auto chapters = fileInfo.chapters();
            if(!chapters.empty()) {
                cout << " - " << TextAttribute::Bold << "Chapters:" << TextAttribute::Reset << '\n';
                for(const auto *chapter : chapters) {
                    printProperty("ID", chapter->id());
                    if(!chapter->names().empty()) {
                        printProperty("Name", static_cast<string>(chapter->names().front()));
                    }
                    if(!chapter->startTime().isNegative()) {
                        printProperty("Start time", chapter->startTime().toString());
                    }
                    if(!chapter->endTime().isNegative()) {
                        printProperty("End time", chapter->endTime().toString());
                    }
                    cout << '\n';
                }
            }

        } catch(const Media::Failure &) {
            cerr << Phrases::Error << "A parsing failure occured when reading the file \"" << file << "\"." << Phrases::EndFlush;
        } catch(...) {
            ::IoUtilities::catchIoFailure();
            cerr << Phrases::Error << "An IO failure occured when reading the file \"" << file << "\"." << Phrases::EndFlush;
        }

        printNotifications(fileInfo, "Parsing notifications:", verboseArg.isPresent());
        cout << endl;
    }
}

void displayTagInfo(const Argument &fieldsArg, const Argument &filesArg, const Argument &verboseArg)
{
    CMD_UTILS_START_CONSOLE;

    // check whether files have been specified
    if(!filesArg.isPresent() || filesArg.values().empty()) {
        cerr << Phrases::Error << "No files have been specified." << Phrases::End;
        return;
    }

    // parse specified fields
    const auto fields = parseFieldDenotations(fieldsArg, true);

    MediaFileInfo fileInfo;
    for(const char *file : filesArg.values()) {
        try {
            // parse tags
            fileInfo.setPath(file);
            fileInfo.open(true);
            fileInfo.parseContainerFormat();
            fileInfo.parseTags();
            cout << "Tag information for \"" << file << "\":\n";
            const auto tags = fileInfo.tags();
            if(!tags.empty()) {
                // iterate through all tags
                for(const auto *tag : tags) {
                    // determine tag type
                    const TagType tagType = tag->type();
                    // write tag name and target, eg. MP4/iTunes tag
                    cout << " - " << TextAttribute::Bold << tagName(tag) << TextAttribute::Reset << '\n';
                    // iterate through fields specified by the user
                    if(fields.empty()) {
                        for(auto field = firstKnownField; field != KnownField::Invalid; field = nextKnownField(field)) {
                            printField(FieldScope(field), tag, tagType, true);
                        }
                    } else {
                        for(const auto &fieldDenotation : fields) {
                            const FieldScope &denotedScope = fieldDenotation.first;
                            if(denotedScope.tagType == TagType::Unspecified || (denotedScope.tagType | tagType) != TagType::Unspecified) {
                                printField(denotedScope, tag, tagType, false);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } else {
                cout << " - File has no (supported) tag information.\n";
            }
        } catch(const Media::Failure &) {
            cerr << Phrases::Error << "A parsing failure occured when reading the file \"" << file << "\"." << Phrases::EndFlush;
        } catch(...) {
            ::IoUtilities::catchIoFailure();
            cerr << Phrases::Error << "An IO failure occured when reading the file \"" << file << "\"." << Phrases::EndFlush;
        }
        printNotifications(fileInfo, "Parsing notifications:", verboseArg.isPresent());
        cout << endl;
    }
}

void setTagInfo(const SetTagInfoArgs &args)
{
    CMD_UTILS_START_CONSOLE;

    // check whether files have been specified
    if(!args.filesArg.isPresent() || args.filesArg.values().empty()) {
        cerr << Phrases::Error << "No files have been specified." << Phrases::EndFlush;
        return;
    }
    if(args.outputFilesArg.isPresent() && args.outputFilesArg.values().size() != args.filesArg.values().size()) {
        cerr << Phrases::Error << "The number of output files does not match the number of input files." << Phrases::EndFlush;
        return;
    }

    // get output files
    auto &outputFiles = args.outputFilesArg.isPresent() ? args.outputFilesArg.values() : vector<const char *>();
    auto currentOutputFile = outputFiles.cbegin(), noMoreOutputFiles = outputFiles.cend();

    // parse field denotations and check whether there's an operation to be done (changing fields or some other settings)
    auto fields = parseFieldDenotations(args.valuesArg, false);
    if(fields.empty()
            && (!args.removeTargetArg.isPresent() || args.removeTargetArg.values().empty())
            && (!args.addAttachmentArg.isPresent() || args.addAttachmentArg.values().empty())
            && (!args.updateAttachmentArg.isPresent() || args.updateAttachmentArg.values().empty())
            && (!args.removeAttachmentArg.isPresent() || args.removeAttachmentArg.values().empty())
            && (!args.docTitleArg.isPresent() || args.docTitleArg.values().empty())
            && !args.id3v1UsageArg.isPresent()
            && !args.id3v2UsageArg.isPresent()
            && !args.id3v2VersionArg.isPresent()) {
        cerr << Phrases::Warning << "No fields/attachments have been specified." << Phrases::End;
    }

    // determine required targets
    vector<TagTarget> requiredTargets;
    for(const auto &fieldDenotation : fields) {
        const FieldScope &scope = fieldDenotation.first;
        if(!scope.isTrack() && find(requiredTargets.cbegin(), requiredTargets.cend(), scope.tagTarget) == requiredTargets.cend()) {
            requiredTargets.push_back(scope.tagTarget);
        }
    }

    // determine targets to remove
    vector<TagTarget> targetsToRemove;
    bool validRemoveTargetsSpecified = false;
    for(size_t i = 0, max = args.removeTargetArg.occurrences(); i != max; ++i) {
        for(const auto &targetDenotation : args.removeTargetArg.values(i)) {
            targetsToRemove.emplace_back();
            if(!strcmp(targetDenotation, ",")) {
                if(validRemoveTargetsSpecified) {
                    targetsToRemove.emplace_back();
                }
            } else if(applyTargetConfiguration(targetsToRemove.back(), targetDenotation)) {
                validRemoveTargetsSpecified = true;
            } else {
                cerr << Phrases::Warning << "The given target specification \"" << targetDenotation << "\" is invalid and will be ignored." << Phrases::End;
            }
        }
    }

    // parse ID3v2 version
    uint32 id3v2Version = 3;
    if(args.id3v2VersionArg.isPresent()) {
        try {
            id3v2Version = stringToNumber<uint32>(args.id3v2VersionArg.values().front());
            if(id3v2Version < 1 || id3v2Version > 4) {
                throw ConversionException();
            }
        } catch (const ConversionException &) {
            id3v2Version = 3;
            cerr << Phrases::Warning << "The specified ID3v2 version \"" << args.id3v2VersionArg.values().front() << "\" is invalid and will be ingored." << Phrases::End;
        }
    }

    // parse other settings
    const TagTextEncoding denotedEncoding = parseEncodingDenotation(args.encodingArg, TagTextEncoding::Utf8);
    const TagUsage id3v1Usage = parseUsageDenotation(args.id3v1UsageArg, TagUsage::KeepExisting);
    const TagUsage id3v2Usage = parseUsageDenotation(args.id3v2UsageArg, TagUsage::Always);

    // setup media file info
    MediaFileInfo fileInfo;
    fileInfo.setMinPadding(parseUInt64(args.minPaddingArg, 0));
    fileInfo.setMaxPadding(parseUInt64(args.maxPaddingArg, 0));
    fileInfo.setPreferredPadding(parseUInt64(args.prefPaddingArg, 0));
    fileInfo.setTagPosition(parsePositionDenotation(args.tagPosArg, args.tagPosValueArg, ElementPosition::BeforeData));
    fileInfo.setForceTagPosition(args.forceTagPosArg.isPresent());
    fileInfo.setIndexPosition(parsePositionDenotation(args.indexPosArg, args.indexPosValueArg, ElementPosition::BeforeData));
    fileInfo.setForceIndexPosition(args.forceIndexPosArg.isPresent());
    fileInfo.setForceRewrite(args.forceRewriteArg.isPresent());

    // iterate through all specified files
    unsigned int fileIndex = 0;
    static const string context("setting tags");
    NotificationList notifications;
    for(const char *file : args.filesArg.values()) {
        try {
            // parse tags and tracks (tracks are relevent because track meta-data such as language can be changed as well)
            cout << TextAttribute::Bold << "Setting tag information for \"" << file << "\" ..." << Phrases::EndFlush;
            notifications.clear();
            fileInfo.setPath(file);
            fileInfo.parseContainerFormat();
            fileInfo.parseTags();
            fileInfo.parseTracks();
            vector<Tag *> tags;

            // remove tags with the specified targets
            if(validRemoveTargetsSpecified) {
                fileInfo.tags(tags);
                for(auto *tag : tags) {
                    if(find(targetsToRemove.cbegin(), targetsToRemove.cend(), tag->target()) != targetsToRemove.cend()) {
                        fileInfo.removeTag(tag);
                    }
                }
                tags.clear();
            }

            // create new tags according to settings
            fileInfo.createAppropriateTags(args.treatUnknownFilesAsMp3FilesArg.isPresent(), id3v1Usage, id3v2Usage, args.id3InitOnCreateArg.isPresent(), args.id3TransferOnRemovalArg.isPresent(), args.mergeMultipleSuccessiveTagsArg.isPresent(), !args.id3v2VersionArg.isPresent(), id3v2Version, requiredTargets);
            auto container = fileInfo.container();
            if(args.docTitleArg.isPresent() && !args.docTitleArg.values().empty()) {
                if(container && container->supportsTitle()) {
                    size_t segmentIndex = 0, segmentCount = container->titles().size();
                    for(const auto &newTitle : args.docTitleArg.values()) {
                        if(segmentIndex < segmentCount) {
                            container->setTitle(newTitle, segmentIndex);
                        } else {
                            cerr << Phrases::Warning << "The specified document title \"" << newTitle << "\" can not be set because the file has not that many segments." << Phrases::End;
                        }
                        ++segmentIndex;
                    }
                } else {
                    cerr << Phrases::Warning << "Setting the document title is not supported for the file." << Phrases::End;
                }
            }

            // select the relevant values for the current file index
            for(auto &fieldDenotation : fields) {
                FieldValues &denotedValues = fieldDenotation.second;
                vector<FieldValue *> &relevantDenotedValues = denotedValues.relevantValues;
                denotedValues.relevantValues.clear();
                unsigned int currentFileIndex = 0;
                for(FieldValue &denotatedValue : denotedValues.allValues) {
                    if(denotatedValue.fileIndex <= fileIndex) {
                        if(relevantDenotedValues.empty() || (denotatedValue.fileIndex >= currentFileIndex)) {
                            if(currentFileIndex != denotatedValue.fileIndex) {
                                currentFileIndex = denotatedValue.fileIndex;
                                relevantDenotedValues.clear();
                            }
                            relevantDenotedValues.push_back(&denotatedValue);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // alter tags
            fileInfo.tags(tags);
            if(tags.empty()) {
                fileInfo.addNotification(NotificationType::Critical, "Can not create appropriate tags for file.", context);
            } else {
                // iterate through all tags
                for(auto *tag : tags) {
                    // clear current values if option is present
                    if(args.removeOtherFieldsArg.isPresent()) {
                        tag->removeAllFields();
                    }
                    // determine required information for deciding whether specified values match the scope of the current tag
                    const auto tagType = tag->type();
                    const bool targetSupported = tag->supportsTarget();
                    const auto tagTarget = tag->target();
                    // determine the encoding to store text values
                    TagTextEncoding usedEncoding = denotedEncoding;
                    if(!tag->canEncodingBeUsed(denotedEncoding)) {
                        usedEncoding = tag->proposedTextEncoding();
                        if(args.encodingArg.isPresent()) {
                            fileInfo.addNotification(NotificationType::Warning, argsToString("Can't use specified encoding \"", args.encodingArg.values().front(), "\" in ", tagName(tag), " because the tag format/version doesn't support it."), context);
                        }
                    }
                    // iterate through all denoted field values
                    for(const auto &fieldDenotation : fields) {
                        const FieldScope &denotedScope = fieldDenotation.first;
                        // decide whether the scope of the denotation matches of the current tag
                        if(!denotedScope.isTrack() && (denotedScope.tagType == TagType::Unspecified
                            || (denotedScope.tagType & tagType) != TagType::Unspecified)
                                && (!targetSupported || denotedScope.tagTarget == tagTarget)) {
                            // convert the values to TagValue
                            vector<TagValue> convertedValues;
                            for(const FieldValue *relevantDenotedValue : fieldDenotation.second.relevantValues) {
                                // one of the denoted values
                                if(!relevantDenotedValue->value.empty()) {
                                    if(relevantDenotedValue->type == DenotationType::File) {
                                        try {
                                            // assume the file refers to a picture
                                            MediaFileInfo fileInfo(relevantDenotedValue->value);
                                            fileInfo.open(true);
                                            fileInfo.parseContainerFormat();
                                            auto buff = make_unique<char []>(fileInfo.size());
                                            fileInfo.stream().seekg(0);
                                            fileInfo.stream().read(buff.get(), fileInfo.size());
                                            TagValue value(move(buff), fileInfo.size(), TagDataType::Picture);
                                            value.setMimeType(fileInfo.mimeType());
                                            convertedValues.emplace_back(move(value));
                                        } catch(const Media::Failure &) {
                                            fileInfo.addNotification(NotificationType::Critical, "Unable to parse specified cover file.", context);
                                        } catch(...) {
                                            ::IoUtilities::catchIoFailure();
                                            fileInfo.addNotification(NotificationType::Critical, "An IO error occured when parsing the specified cover file.", context);
                                        }
                                    } else {
                                        convertedValues.emplace_back(relevantDenotedValue->value, TagTextEncoding::Utf8, usedEncoding);
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    // if the denoted value is empty, just assign an empty TagValue to remove the field
                                    convertedValues.emplace_back();
                                }
                            }
                            // finally set the values
                            try {
                                denotedScope.field.setValues(tag, tagType, convertedValues);
                            } catch(const ConversionException &e) {
                                fileInfo.addNotification(NotificationType::Critical, argsToString("Unable to parse denoted field ID \"", denotedScope.field.name(), "\": ", e.what()), context);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // alter tracks
            for(AbstractTrack *track : fileInfo.tracks()) {
                for(const auto &fieldDenotation : fields) {
                    const auto &values = fieldDenotation.second.relevantValues;
                    if(values.empty()) {
                        continue;
                    }

                    const FieldScope &denotedScope = fieldDenotation.first;
                    // decide whether the scope of the denotation matches of the current track
                    if(denotedScope.allTracks || find(denotedScope.trackIds.cbegin(), denotedScope.trackIds.cend(), track->id()) != denotedScope.trackIds.cend()) {
                        const FieldId &field = denotedScope.field;
                        const string &value = values.front()->value;
                        try {
                            if(field.denotes("name")) {
                                track->setName(value);
                            } else if(field.denotes("language")) {
                                track->setLanguage(value);
                            } else if(field.denotes("tracknumber")) {
                                track->setTrackNumber(stringToNumber<uint32>(value));
                            } else if(field.denotes("enabled")) {
                                track->setEnabled(stringToBool(value));
                            } else if(field.denotes("forced")) {
                                track->setForced(stringToBool(value));
                            } else if(field.denotes("default")) {
                                track->setDefault(stringToBool(value));
                            } else {
                                fileInfo.addNotification(NotificationType::Critical, argsToString("Denoted track property name \"", field.denotation(), "\" is invalid"), argsToString("setting meta-data of track ", track->id()));
                            }
                        } catch(const ConversionException &e) {
                            fileInfo.addNotification(NotificationType::Critical, argsToString("Unable to parse value for track property \"", field.denotation(), "\": ", e.what()), argsToString("setting meta-data of track ", track->id()));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            // increment relevant values
            for(auto &fieldDenotation : fields) {
                for(FieldValue *relevantDenotedValue : fieldDenotation.second.relevantValues) {
                    if(!relevantDenotedValue->value.empty() && relevantDenotedValue->type == DenotationType::Increment) {
                        relevantDenotedValue->value = incremented(relevantDenotedValue->value);
                    }
                }
            }

            // alter attachments
            bool attachmentsModified = false;
            if(args.addAttachmentArg.isPresent() || args.updateAttachmentArg.isPresent() || args.removeAttachmentArg.isPresent() || args.removeExistingAttachmentsArg.isPresent()) {
                static const string context("setting attachments");
                fileInfo.parseAttachments();
                if(fileInfo.attachmentsParsingStatus() == ParsingStatus::Ok) {
                    if(container) {
                        // ignore all existing attachments if argument is specified
                        if(args.removeExistingAttachmentsArg.isPresent()) {
                            for(size_t i = 0, count = container->attachmentCount(); i < count; ++i) {
                                container->attachment(i)->setIgnored(false);
                            }
                            attachmentsModified = true;
                        }
                        // add/update/remove attachments
                        AttachmentInfo currentInfo;
                        currentInfo.action = AttachmentAction::Add;
                        for(size_t i = 0, occurrences = args.addAttachmentArg.occurrences(); i != occurrences; ++i) {
                            for(const char *value : args.addAttachmentArg.values(i)) {
                                currentInfo.parseDenotation(value);
                            }
                            attachmentsModified |= currentInfo.next(container);
                        }
                        currentInfo.action = AttachmentAction::Update;
                        for(size_t i = 0, occurrences = args.updateAttachmentArg.occurrences(); i != occurrences; ++i) {
                            for(const char *value : args.updateAttachmentArg.values(i)) {
                                currentInfo.parseDenotation(value);
                            }
                            attachmentsModified |= currentInfo.next(container);
                        }
                        currentInfo.action = AttachmentAction::Remove;
                        for(size_t i = 0, occurrences = args.removeAttachmentArg.occurrences(); i != occurrences; ++i) {
                            for(const char *value : args.removeAttachmentArg.values(i)) {
                                currentInfo.parseDenotation(value);
                            }
                            attachmentsModified |= currentInfo.next(container);
                        }
                    } else {
                        fileInfo.addNotification(NotificationType::Critical, "Unable to assign attachments because the container object has not been initialized.", context);
                    }
                } else {
                    // notification will be added by the file info automatically
                }
            }

            // apply changes
            try {
                // save parsing notifications because notifications of sub objects like tags, tracks, ... will be gone after applying changes
                fileInfo.setSaveFilePath(currentOutputFile != noMoreOutputFiles ? string(*currentOutputFile) : string());
                fileInfo.gatherRelatedNotifications(notifications);
                fileInfo.invalidateNotifications();

                // register handler for logging status
                fileInfo.registerCallback(logStatus);

                // register interrupt handler
                const InterruptHandler handler([&fileInfo] {
                    fileInfo.tryToAbort();
                });

                // apply changes and gather notifications
                fileInfo.applyChanges();
                fileInfo.gatherRelatedNotifications(notifications);

                // notify about completion
                finalizeLog();
                cout << " - Changes have been applied." << endl;
            } catch(const Media::OperationAbortedException &) {
                finalizeLog();
                cerr << Phrases::Warning << "The operation has been aborted." << Phrases::EndFlush;
                return;
            } catch(const Media::Failure &) {
                finalizeLog();
                cerr << " - " << Phrases::Error << "Failed to apply changes." << Phrases::EndFlush;
            }
        } catch(const Media::Failure &) {
            finalizeLog();
            cerr << " - " << Phrases::Error << "A parsing failure occured when reading/writing the file \"" << file << "\"." << Phrases::EndFlush;
        } catch(...) {
            ::IoUtilities::catchIoFailure();
            finalizeLog();
            cerr << " - " << Phrases::Error << "An IO failure occured when reading/writing the file \"" << file << "\"." << Phrases::EndFlush;
        }

        printNotifications(notifications, "Notifications:", args.verboseArg.isPresent());

        // continue with next file
        ++fileIndex;
        if(currentOutputFile != noMoreOutputFiles) {
            ++currentOutputFile;
        }
    }
}

void extractField(const Argument &fieldArg, const Argument &attachmentArg, const Argument &inputFilesArg, const Argument &outputFileArg, const Argument &verboseArg)
{
    CMD_UTILS_START_CONSOLE;

    // parse specified field and attachment
    const auto fieldDenotations = parseFieldDenotations(fieldArg, true);
    AttachmentInfo attachmentInfo;
    if(attachmentArg.isPresent()) {
        attachmentInfo.parseDenotation(attachmentArg.values().front());
    }
    if(((fieldDenotations.size() != 1) || (!attachmentInfo.hasId && !attachmentInfo.name))
            && ((fieldDenotations.size() == 1) && (attachmentInfo.hasId || attachmentInfo.name))) {
        cerr << Phrases::Error << "Excactly one field or attachment needs to be specified." << Phrases::End;
        return;
    }
    if(!inputFilesArg.isPresent() || inputFilesArg.values().empty()) {
        cerr << Phrases::Error << "No files have been specified." << Phrases::End;
        return;
    }

    MediaFileInfo inputFileInfo;
    for(const char *file : inputFilesArg.values()) {
        try {
            // setup media file info
            inputFileInfo.setPath(file);
            inputFileInfo.open(true);

            // extract either tag field or attachment
            if(!fieldDenotations.empty()) {
                // extract tag field
                (outputFileArg.isPresent() ? cout : cerr) << "Extracting field " << fieldArg.values().front() << " of \"" << file << "\" ..." << endl;
                inputFileInfo.parseContainerFormat();
                inputFileInfo.parseTags();
                auto tags = inputFileInfo.tags();
                vector<pair<const TagValue *, string> > values;
                // iterate through all tags
                for(const Tag *tag : tags) {
                    const TagType tagType = tag->type();
                    for(const pair<FieldScope, FieldValues> &fieldDenotation : fieldDenotations) {
                        try {
                            for(const TagValue *value : fieldDenotation.first.field.values(tag, tagType)) {
                                values.emplace_back(value, joinStrings({tag->typeName(), numberToString(values.size())}, "-", true));
                            }
                        } catch(const ConversionException &e) {
                            inputFileInfo.addNotification(NotificationType::Critical, "Unable to parse denoted field ID \"" % string(fieldDenotation.first.field.name()) % "\": " + e.what(), "extracting field");
                        }
                    }
                }
                if(values.empty()) {
                    cerr << " - " << Phrases::Error << "None of the specified files has a (supported) " << fieldArg.values().front() << " field." << Phrases::End;
                } else if(outputFileArg.isPresent()) {
                    string outputFilePathWithoutExtension, outputFileExtension;
                    if(values.size() > 1) {
                        outputFilePathWithoutExtension = BasicFileInfo::pathWithoutExtension(outputFileArg.values().front());
                        outputFileExtension = BasicFileInfo::extension(outputFileArg.values().front());
                    }
                    for(const auto &value : values) {
                        NativeFileStream outputFileStream;
                        outputFileStream.exceptions(ios_base::failbit | ios_base::badbit);
                        auto path = values.size() > 1 ? joinStrings({outputFilePathWithoutExtension, "-", value.second, outputFileExtension}) : outputFileArg.values().front();
                        try {
                            outputFileStream.open(path, ios_base::out | ios_base::binary);
                            outputFileStream.write(value.first->dataPointer(), value.first->dataSize());
                            outputFileStream.flush();
                            cout << " - Value has been saved to \"" << path << "\"." << endl;
                        } catch(...) {
                            ::IoUtilities::catchIoFailure();
                            cerr << " - " << Phrases::Error << "An IO error occured when writing the file \"" << path << "\"." << Phrases::End;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    // write data to stdout if no output file has been specified
                    for(const auto &value : values) {
                        cout.write(value.first->dataPointer(), value.first->dataSize());
                    }
                }
            } else {
                // extract attachment
                auto &logStream = (outputFileArg.isPresent() ? cout : cerr);
                logStream << "Extracting attachment with ";
                if(attachmentInfo.hasId) {
                    logStream << "ID " << attachmentInfo.id;
                } else {
                    logStream << "name \"" << attachmentInfo.name << '\"';
                }
                logStream << " of \"" << file << "\" ..." << endl;

                inputFileInfo.parseContainerFormat();
                inputFileInfo.parseAttachments();
                vector<pair<const AbstractAttachment *, string> > attachments;
                // iterate through all attachments
                for(const AbstractAttachment *attachment : inputFileInfo.attachments()) {
                    if((attachmentInfo.hasId && attachment->id() == attachmentInfo.id) || (attachment->name() == attachmentInfo.name)) {
                        attachments.emplace_back(attachment, joinStrings({attachment->name(), numberToString(attachments.size())}, "-", true));
                    }
                }
                if(attachments.empty()) {
                    cerr << " - " << Phrases::Error << "None of the specified files has a (supported) attachment with the specified ID/name." << Phrases::End;
                } else if(outputFileArg.isPresent()) {
                    string outputFilePathWithoutExtension, outputFileExtension;
                    if(attachments.size() > 1) {
                        outputFilePathWithoutExtension = BasicFileInfo::pathWithoutExtension(outputFileArg.values().front());
                        outputFileExtension = BasicFileInfo::extension(outputFileArg.values().front());
                    }
                    for(const auto &attachment : attachments) {
                        NativeFileStream outputFileStream;
                        outputFileStream.exceptions(ios_base::failbit | ios_base::badbit);
                        auto path = attachments.size() > 1 ? joinStrings({outputFilePathWithoutExtension, "-", attachment.second, outputFileExtension}) : outputFileArg.values().front();
                        try {
                            outputFileStream.open(path, ios_base::out | ios_base::binary);
                            attachment.first->data()->copyTo(outputFileStream);
                            outputFileStream.flush();
                            cout << " - Value has been saved to \"" << path << "\"." << endl;
                        } catch(...) {
                            ::IoUtilities::catchIoFailure();
                            cerr << " - " << Phrases::Error << "An IO error occured when writing the file \"" << path << "\"." << Phrases::EndFlush;
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    for(const auto &attachment : attachments) {
                        attachment.first->data()->copyTo(cout);
                    }
                }
            }

        } catch(const Media::Failure &) {
            cerr << Phrases::Error << "A parsing failure occured when reading the file \"" << file << "\"." << Phrases::End;
        } catch(...) {
            ::IoUtilities::catchIoFailure();
            cerr << Phrases::Error << "An IO failure occured when reading the file \"" << file << "\"." << Phrases::End;
        }
        printNotifications(inputFileInfo, "Parsing notifications:", verboseArg.isPresent());
    }
}

}