#include <lmdb.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <set>

using namespace std;

/* open issues:
 *
 * - opening a DBI is still exceptionally painful to get right, especially in a 
 *   multi-threaded world
 * - we're not yet protecting you against opening a file twice
 * - we are not yet protecting you correctly against opening multiple transactions in 1 thread
 * - error reporting is bad
 * - missing convenience functions (string_view, string)
 */ 

/*
The error strategy. Anything that "should never happen" turns into an exception. But things like 'duplicate entry' or 'no such key' are for you to deal with.
 */

/*
  Thread safety: we are as safe as lmdb. You can talk to MDBEnv from as many threads as you want 
*/

class MDBDbi
{
public:
  
  explicit MDBDbi(MDB_env* env, MDB_txn* txn, const char* dbname, int flags)
    : d_env(env), d_txn(txn)
  {

    // A transaction that uses this function must finish (either commit or abort) before any other transaction in the process may use this function.

    int rc = mdb_dbi_open(txn, dbname, flags, &d_dbi);
    if(rc)
      throw std::runtime_error("Unable to open database: "+string(mdb_strerror(rc)));

    // Database names are keys in the unnamed database, and may be read but not written.
    
  }

  MDBDbi(MDBDbi&& rhs)
  {
    d_dbi = rhs.d_dbi;
    d_env = rhs.d_env;
    d_txn = rhs.d_txn;
    rhs.d_env = 0;
    rhs.d_txn = 0;
  }
  
  ~MDBDbi()
  {
    if(d_env)
      mdb_dbi_close(d_env, d_dbi);
  }

  operator const MDB_dbi&() const
  {
    return d_dbi;
  }
  
  MDB_dbi d_dbi;
  MDB_env* d_env;
  MDB_txn* d_txn;
};

class MDBRWTransaction;
class MDBROTransaction;

class MDBEnv
{
public:
  MDBEnv(const char* fname, int mode, int flags)
  {
    mdb_env_create(&d_env);   // there is no close
    if(mdb_env_set_mapsize(d_env, 4096*2000000ULL))
      throw std::runtime_error("setting map size");

    /*
Various other options may also need to be set before opening the handle, e.g. mdb_env_set_mapsize(), mdb_env_set_maxreaders(), mdb_env_set_maxdbs(),
    */

    mdb_env_set_maxdbs(d_env, 128);

    // TODO: check if fname is open somewhere already (under lock)

    // we need MDB_NOTLS since we rely on its semantics
    if(mdb_env_open(d_env, fname, mode, flags | MDB_NOTLS)) {
      // If this function fails, mdb_env_close() must be called to discard the MDB_env handle.
      mdb_env_close(d_env);
      throw std::runtime_error("Unable to open database");
    }
  }

  ~MDBEnv()
  {
    //    Only a single thread may call this function. All transactions, databases, and cursors must already be closed before calling this function
    mdb_env_close(d_env);
    // but, elsewhere, docs say database handles do not need to be closed?
  }

  MDBDbi openDB(const char* dbname, int flags);
  
  MDBRWTransaction getRWTransaction();
  MDBROTransaction getROTransaction();

  operator MDB_env*& ()
  {
    return d_env;
  }
  MDB_env* d_env;
  bool d_transactionOut{false};

};

class MDBROCursor;

class MDBROTransaction
{
public:
  explicit MDBROTransaction(MDBEnv* parent, int flags=0) : d_parent(parent)
  {
    if(d_parent->d_transactionOut)
      throw std::runtime_error("Duplicate transaction");

    /*
    A transaction and its cursors must only be used by a single thread, and a thread may only have a single transaction at a time. If MDB_NOTLS is in use, this does not apply to read-only transactions. */
    
    if(mdb_txn_begin(d_parent->d_env, 0, MDB_RDONLY | flags, &d_txn))
      throw std::runtime_error("Unable to start RO transaction");
  }

  MDBROTransaction(MDBROTransaction&& rhs)
  {
    d_parent = rhs.d_parent;
    d_txn = rhs.d_txn;
    rhs.d_parent = 0;
    rhs.d_txn = 0;
  }

  void reset()
  {
    // this does not free cursors
    mdb_txn_reset(d_txn);
    d_parent->d_transactionOut=false;
  }

  void renew()
  {
    if(d_parent->d_transactionOut)
      throw std::runtime_error("Duplicate transaction");
    d_parent->d_transactionOut=1;
    if(mdb_txn_renew(d_txn))
      throw std::runtime_error("Renewing transaction");
  }
  

  int get(MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val& key, MDB_val& val)
  {
    return mdb_get(d_txn, dbi, (MDB_val*)&key, &val);
  }

  // this is something you can do, readonly
  MDBDbi openDB(const char* dbname, int flags)
  {
    return MDBDbi(d_parent->d_env, d_txn, dbname, flags);
  }

  MDBROCursor getCursor(const MDBDbi&);
    
  ~MDBROTransaction()
  {
    if(d_txn) {
      d_parent->d_transactionOut=false;
      mdb_txn_commit(d_txn); // this appears to work better than abort for r/o database opening
    }
  }

  operator MDB_txn*&()
  {
    return d_txn;
  }
  
  MDBEnv* d_parent;
  MDB_txn* d_txn;
};

/* 
   A cursor in a read-only transaction must be closed explicitly, before or after its transaction ends. It can be reused with mdb_cursor_renew() before finally closing it. 

   "If the parent transaction commits, the cursor must not be used again."
*/

class MDBROCursor
{
public:
  MDBROCursor(MDBROTransaction* parent, const MDB_dbi& dbi) : d_parent(parent)
  {
    int rc= mdb_cursor_open(d_parent->d_txn, dbi, &d_cursor);
    if(rc) {
      throw std::runtime_error("Error creating RO cursor: "+std::string(mdb_strerror(rc)));
    }
  }
  MDBROCursor(MDBROCursor&& rhs)
  {
    d_cursor = rhs.d_cursor;
    rhs.d_cursor=0;
  }

  void close()
  {
    mdb_cursor_close(d_cursor);
    d_cursor=0;
  }
  
  ~MDBROCursor()
  {
    if(d_cursor)
      mdb_cursor_close(d_cursor);
  }

  int get(MDB_val& key, MDB_val& data, MDB_cursor_op op)
  {
    return mdb_cursor_get(d_cursor, &key, &data, op);
  }
  
  MDB_cursor* d_cursor;
  MDBROTransaction* d_parent;
};



class MDBRWCursor;

class MDBRWTransaction
{
public:
  explicit MDBRWTransaction(MDBEnv* parent, int flags=0) : d_parent(parent)
  {
    if(d_parent->d_transactionOut)
      throw std::runtime_error("Duplicate transaction");
    d_parent->d_transactionOut = true;
    if(int rc=mdb_txn_begin(d_parent->d_env, 0, flags, &d_txn))
      throw std::runtime_error("Unable to start RW transaction: "+std::string(mdb_strerror(rc)));
  }

  MDBRWTransaction(MDBRWTransaction&& rhs)
  {
    d_parent = rhs.d_parent;
    d_txn = rhs.d_txn;
    rhs.d_parent = 0;
    rhs.d_txn = 0;
  }

  MDBRWTransaction& operator=(MDBRWTransaction&& rhs)
  {
    if(d_txn)
      abort();

    d_parent = rhs.d_parent;
    d_txn = rhs.d_txn;
    rhs.d_parent = 0;
    rhs.d_txn = 0;
    
    return *this;
  }

  ~MDBRWTransaction()
  {
    if(d_txn) {
      d_parent->d_transactionOut=false;
      closeCursors();
      mdb_txn_abort(d_txn);
    }
  }
  void closeCursors();
  
  void commit()
  {
    closeCursors();
    if(mdb_txn_commit(d_txn)) {
      throw std::runtime_error("committing");
    }
    d_parent->d_transactionOut=false;

    d_txn=0;
  }

  void abort()
  {
    closeCursors();
    mdb_txn_abort(d_txn);
    d_txn = 0;
    d_parent->d_transactionOut=false;
  }

  void put(MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val& key, const MDB_val& val, int flags)
  {
    int rc;
    if((rc=mdb_put(d_txn, dbi, (MDB_val*)&key, (MDB_val*)&val, flags)))
      throw std::runtime_error("putting data: " + std::string(mdb_strerror(rc)));
  }


  int del(MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val& key)
  {
    int rc;
    rc=mdb_del(d_txn, dbi, (MDB_val*)&key, 0);
    if(rc && rc != MDB_NOTFOUND)
      throw std::runtime_error("deleting data: " + std::string(mdb_strerror(rc)));
    return rc;
  }

  
  int get(MDB_dbi dbi, const MDB_val& key, MDB_val& val)
  {
    return mdb_get(d_txn, dbi, (MDB_val*)&key, &val);
  }

  
  MDBDbi openDB(const char* dbname, int flags)
  {
    return MDBDbi(d_parent->d_env, d_txn, dbname, flags);
  }

  MDBRWCursor getCursor(const MDBDbi&);

  void reportCursor(MDBRWCursor* child)
  {
    d_cursors.insert(child);
  }
  void reportCursorMove(MDBRWCursor* from, MDBRWCursor* to)
  {
    d_cursors.erase(from);
    d_cursors.insert(to);
  }
  
  operator MDB_txn*&()
  {
    return d_txn;
  }


  
  std::set<MDBRWCursor*> d_cursors;
  MDBEnv* d_parent;
  MDB_txn* d_txn;
};

/* "A cursor in a write-transaction can be closed before its transaction ends, and will otherwise be closed when its transaction ends" 
   This is a problem for us since it may means we are closing the cursor twice, which is bad
*/
class MDBRWCursor
{
public:
  MDBRWCursor(MDBRWTransaction* parent, const MDB_dbi& dbi) : d_parent(parent)
  {
    int rc= mdb_cursor_open(d_parent->d_txn, dbi, &d_cursor);
    if(rc) {
      throw std::runtime_error("Error creating RW cursor: "+std::string(mdb_strerror(rc)));
    }
    d_parent->reportCursor(this);
  }
  MDBRWCursor(MDBRWCursor&& rhs)
  {
    cout<<"Got move constructed, this was: "<<(void*)&rhs<<", now: "<<(void*)this<<endl;
    d_parent = rhs.d_parent;
    d_cursor = rhs.d_cursor;
    rhs.d_cursor=0;
    d_parent->reportCursorMove(&rhs, this);
  }

  void close()
  {
    if(d_cursor)
      mdb_cursor_close(d_cursor);
    d_cursor=0;
  }
  
  ~MDBRWCursor()
  {
    if(d_cursor)
      mdb_cursor_close(d_cursor);
  }

  int get(MDB_val& key, MDB_val& data, MDB_cursor_op op)
  {
    return mdb_cursor_get(d_cursor, &key, &data, op);
  }

  int put(MDB_val& key, MDB_val& data, int flags)
  {
    return mdb_cursor_put(d_cursor, &key, &data, flags);
  }

  int del(MDB_val& key, int flags)
  {
    return mdb_cursor_del(d_cursor, flags);
  }
  
  MDB_cursor* d_cursor;
  MDBRWTransaction* d_parent;
};