300 lines
11 KiB
Groff
300 lines
11 KiB
Groff
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.TH "SYNCTHING-VERSIONING" "7" "Sep 01, 2021" "v1" "Syncthing"
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.SH NAME
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syncthing-versioning \- Keep automatic backups of deleted files by other nodes
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.sp
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Syncthing supports archiving the old version of a file when it is deleted or
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replaced with a newer version from the cluster. This is called “file
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versioning” and uses one of the available \fIversioning strategies\fP described
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below. File versioning is configured per folder, on a per\-device basis, and
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defaults to “no file versioning”, i.e. no old copies of files are kept.
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.sp
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\fBNOTE:\fP
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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Versioning applies to changes received \fIfrom other devices\fP\&. That is, if
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Alice has versioning turned on and Bob changes a file, the old version
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will be archived on Alice’s computer when that change is synced from
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Bob. If Alice changes a file locally on her own computer Syncthing will
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not and can not archive the old version.
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.SH TRASH CAN FILE VERSIONING
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.sp
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This versioning strategy emulates the common “trash can” approach. When a file
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is deleted or replaced due to a change on a remote device, it is moved to
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the trash can in the \fB\&.stversions\fP folder. If a file with the same name was
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already in the trash can it is replaced.
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.sp
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A configuration option is available to clean the trash can from files older
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than a specified number of days. If this is set to a positive number of days,
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files will be removed when they have been in the trash can that long. Setting
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this to zero prevents any files from being removed from the trash can
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automatically.
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.SH SIMPLE FILE VERSIONING
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.sp
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With “Simple File Versioning” files are moved to the \fB\&.stversions\fP folder
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(inside your shared folder) when replaced or deleted on a remote device. This
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option also takes a value in an input titled “Keep Versions” which tells
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Syncthing how many old versions of the file it should keep. For example, if
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you set this value to 5, if a file is replaced 5 times on a remote device, you
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will see 5 time\-stamped versions on that file in the “.stversions” folder on
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the other devices sharing the same folder.
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.SH STAGGERED FILE VERSIONING
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.sp
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With “Staggered File Versioning” files are also moved to a different folder
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when replaced or deleted on a remote device (just like “Simple File
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Versioning”), however, versions are automatically deleted if they are older
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than the maximum age or exceed the number of files allowed in an interval.
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.sp
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With this versioning method it’s possible to specify where the versions are
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stored, with the default being the \fB\&.stversions\fP folder inside the normal
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folder path. If you set a custom version path, please ensure that it’s on the
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same partition or filesystem as the regular folder path, as moving files there
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may otherwise fail. You can use an absolute path (this is recommended) or a
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relative path. Relative paths are interpreted relative to Syncthing’s current
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or startup directory.
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.sp
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The following intervals are used and they each have a maximum number of files
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that will be kept for each.
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B 1 Hour
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For the first hour, the oldest version in every 30\-seconds interval is
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kept.
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.TP
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.B 1 Day
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For the first day, the oldest version in every hour is kept.
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.TP
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.B 30 Days
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For the first 30 days, the oldest version in every day is kept.
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.TP
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.B Until Maximum Age
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Until maximum age, the oldest version in every week is kept.
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.TP
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.B Maximum Age
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The maximum time to keep a version in days. For example, to keep replaced or
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deleted files in the “.stversions” folder for an entire year, use 365. If
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only for 10 days, use 10.
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\fBNote: Set to 0 to keep versions forever.\fP
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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This means that there is only one version in each interval and as files age they
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will be deleted unless when the interval they are entering is empty. By keeping
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the oldest versions this versioning scheme preserves the file if it is
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overwritten.
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.sp
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For more info, check the \fI\%unit test file\fP <\fBhttps://github.com/syncthing/syncthing/blob/main/lib/versioner/staggered_test.go#L32\fP>
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that shows which versions are deleted for a specific run.
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.SH EXTERNAL FILE VERSIONING
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.sp
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This versioning method delegates the decision on what to do to an
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external command (e.g. a program or a command line script). Just prior
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to a file being replaced, the command will be executed. The file needs
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to be removed from the folder in the process, or otherwise Syncthing
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will report an error. The command can use the following templated
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arguments:
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.INDENT 0.0
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.TP
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.B %FOLDER_PATH%
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Path to the folder
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.TP
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.B %FILE_PATH%
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Path to the file within the folder
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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Note that the former expands to the path of the actual Syncthing folder,
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and the latter to the path inside that folder. For instance, if you use
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the default \fBSync\fP folder in Windows, and the full path to the file is
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\fBC:\eUsers\eUser\eSync\eFamily photos\eIMG_2021\-03\-01.jpg\fP, then the
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\fB%FOLDER_PATH%\fP will be \fBC:\eUsers\eUser\eSync\fP, and the
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\fB%FILE_PATH%\fP will be \fBFamily photos\eIMG_2021\-03\-01.jpg\fP\&.
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.SS Example for Unixes
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.sp
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Let’s say I want to keep the latest version of each file as they are replaced
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or removed; essentially I want a “trash can”\-like behavior. For this, I create
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the following script and store it as \fB/Users/jb/bin/onlylatest.sh\fP (i.e. the
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\fBbin\fP directory in my home directory):
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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#!/bin/sh
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set \-eu
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# Where I want my versions stored
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versionspath=~/.trashcan
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# The parameters we get from Syncthing
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folderpath="$1"
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filepath="$2"
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# First ensure the dir where we need to store the file exists
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outpath=$(dirname "$versionspath/$filepath")
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mkdir \-p "$outpath"
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# Then move the file there
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mv \-f "$folderpath/$filepath" "$versionspath/$filepath"
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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I must ensure that the script has execute permissions (\fBchmod 755
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onlylatest.sh\fP), then configure Syncthing with command \fB/Users/jb/bin/onlylatest.sh %FOLDER_PATH% %FILE_PATH%\fP
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.sp
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Let’s assume I have a folder “default” in ~/Sync, and that within that folder
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there is a file \fBdocs/letter.txt\fP that is being replaced or deleted. The
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script will be called as if I ran this from the command line:
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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$ /Users/jb/bin/onlylatest.sh /Users/jb/Sync docs/letter.txt
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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The script will then move the file in question to
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\fB~/.trashcan/docs/letter.txt\fP, replacing any previous version of that letter
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that may already have been there.
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.SS Examples for Windows
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.SS Move to a given folder using the command prompt (CMD)
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.sp
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On Windows we can use a batch script to perform the same “trash can”\-like
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behavior as mentioned above. I created the following script and saved it as
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\fBC:\eUsers\emfrnd\eScripts\eonlylatest.bat\fP\&.
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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@echo off
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rem Enable UTF\-8 encoding to deal with multilingual folder and file names
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chcp 65001
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rem We need command extensions for md to create intermediate folders in one go
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setlocal EnableExtensions
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rem Where I want my versions stored
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set "VERSIONS_PATH=%USERPROFILE%\e.trashcan"
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rem The parameters we get from Syncthing, \(aq~\(aq removes quotes if any
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set "FOLDER_PATH=%~1"
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set "FILE_PATH=%~2"
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rem First ensure the dir where we need to store the file exists
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for %%F in ("%VERSIONS_PATH%\e%FILE_PATH%") do set "OUTPUT_PATH=%%~dpF"
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if not exist "%OUTPUT_PATH%" md "%OUTPUT_PATH%" || exit /B
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rem Finally move the file, overwrite existing file if any
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move /Y "%FOLDER_PATH%\e%FILE_PATH%" "%VERSIONS_PATH%\e%FILE_PATH%"
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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Finally, I set \fB"C:\eUsers\emfrnd\eScripts\eonlylatest.bat" "%FOLDER_PATH%"
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"%FILE_PATH%"\fP as the command name in Syncthing.
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.SS Move to the Recycle Bin using PowerShell
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.sp
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We can use PowerShell to send files directly to the Recycle Bin, which
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mimics the behaviour of deleting them using the Windows Explorer.
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Firstly, create the following script and save it in your preferred
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location, e.g. \fBC:\eUsers\eUser\eScripts\eSendToRecycleBin.ps1\fP\&.
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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# PowerShell has no native method to recycle files, so we use Visual
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# Basic to perform the operation. If succeeded, we also include the
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# recycled file in the Syncthing\(aqs DEBUG output.
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Add\-Type \-AssemblyName Microsoft.VisualBasic
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[Microsoft.VisualBasic.FileIO.FileSystem]::DeleteFile($args,\(aqOnlyErrorDialogs\(aq,\(aqSendToRecycleBin\(aq)
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if ($?) {
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Write\-Output ("Recycled " + $args + ".")
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}
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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Alternatively, the script can be expanded to send only deleted files to
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the Recycle Bin, and permanently delete modified ones, which makes it
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more consistent with how the Explorer works.
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.INDENT 0.0
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.INDENT 3.5
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.sp
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.nf
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.ft C
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# PowerShell has no native method to recycle files, so we use Visual
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# Basic to perform the operation.
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Add\-Type \-AssemblyName Microsoft.VisualBasic
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# We need to test if a Syncthing .tmp file exists. If it does, we assume
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# a modification and delete the existing file. If if does not, we assume
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# a deletion and recycle the current file. If succeeded, we also include
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# the deleted/recycled file in the Syncthing\(aqs DEBUG output.
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if (Test\-Path \-LiteralPath ((Split\-Path \-Path $args) + "\e~syncthing~" + (Split\-Path \-Path $args \-Leaf) + ".tmp")) {
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[Microsoft.VisualBasic.FileIO.FileSystem]::DeleteFile($args,\(aqOnlyErrorDialogs\(aq,\(aqDeletePermanently\(aq)
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if ($?) {
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Write\-Output ("Deleted " + $args + ".")
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}
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} else {
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[Microsoft.VisualBasic.FileIO.FileSystem]::DeleteFile($args,\(aqOnlyErrorDialogs\(aq,\(aqSendToRecycleBin\(aq)
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if ($?) {
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Write\-Output ("Recycled " + $args + ".")
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}
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}
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.ft P
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.fi
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.UNINDENT
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.UNINDENT
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.sp
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Finally, we set the command name in Syncthing to \fBpowershell.exe
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\-ExecutionPolicy Bypass \-File "C:\eUsers\eUser\eScripts\eSendToRecycleBin.ps1"
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"%FOLDER_PATH%\e%FILE_PATH%"\fP\&.
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.sp
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The only caveat that you should be aware of is that if your Syncthing
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folder is located on a portable storage, such as a USB stick, or if you
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have the Recycle Bin disabled, then the script will end up deleting all
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files permanently.
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.SH AUTHOR
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The Syncthing Authors
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.SH COPYRIGHT
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2014-2019, The Syncthing Authors
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.\" Generated by docutils manpage writer.
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.
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