235 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
235 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
# C++ utilities
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Useful C++ classes and routines such as argument parser, IO and conversion utilities.
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## Features
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The library contains helpers for:
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* parsing command-line arguments and providing Bash completion
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- supports nested arguments
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- supports operations (no `--` or `-` prefix, eg. `git status`)
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- can check for invalid or uncombinable arguments
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- can print help automatically
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- provides automatic Bash completion for argument names
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- allows customizing Bash completion for argument values
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* dealing with dates and times
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* conversion of primitive data types to byte-buffers and vice versa (litte-endian and big-endian)
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* common string conversions/operations, eg.
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- character set conversions via iconv
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- split, join, find and replace
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- conversion from number to string and vice verca
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- encoding/decoding base-64
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- building string without multiple heap allocations ("string builder")
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* using standard IO streams
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- reading/writing primitive data types of various sizes (little-endian and big-endian)
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- reading/writing terminated strings and size-prefixed strings
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- reading/writing INI files
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- reading bitwise (from a buffer; not using standard IO streams)
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- writing formatted output using ANSI escape sequences
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- instantiating a standard IO stream from a native file descriptor to support UTF-8 encoded
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file paths under Windows and Android's `content://` URLs
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* using SFINAE by providing additional traits, eg. for checking whether a type is iterable
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* testing with *CppUnit*
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- finding testfiles and make working copies of testfiles
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- assert standard output
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- various helper
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* building with CMake by providing some modules and templates
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Besides, the library provides a few useful algorithms and data structures:
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* min(), max() for any number of arguments
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* digitsum(), factorial(), powerModulo(), inverseModulo(), orderModulo()
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* Damerau–Levenshtein distance
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* *N*-dimensional array
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## API/ABI stability
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The following counts for `c++utilities` and my other libraries unless stated otherwise:
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* Different major versions are incompatible (API- and ABI-wise). Different major versions can be
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installed within the same prefix using the CMake variable `CONFIGURATION_NAME` (see documentation
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about build variables mentioned below).
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* Minor versions are backwards compatible (API- and ABI-wise) to previous ones within the same major
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version.
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* Patch versions are interchangeable (API- and ABI-wise) within the same major/minor version.
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* Some functions or classes are experimental. They might be modified in an incompatible way or even
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removed in the next minor or patch release.
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## Build instructions
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These build instructions apply to `c++utilities` but also to my other projects using it.
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### Requirements
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#### Build-only dependencies
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* C++ compiler supporting C++17, tested with
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- g++ to compile for GNU/Linux and Windows
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- clang++ to compile for GNU/Linux and Android
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* CMake (at least 3.3.0) and Ninja or GNU Make
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* cppunit for unit tests (optional)
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* Doxygen for API documentation (optional)
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* Graphviz for diagrams in the API documentation (optional)
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* clang-format for tidying (optional)
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* llvm-profdata, llvm-cov and cppunit for source-based code coverage analysis (optional)
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* [appstreamcli](https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Distributions/AppStream/) for validation
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of generated AppStream files (optional)
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#### Runtime dependencies
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* The `c++utilities` library itself only needs
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* C++ standard library supporting C++17, tested with
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- libstdc++ under GNU/Linux and Windows
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- libc++ under GNU/Linux and Android
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* glibc with iconv support or standalone iconv library
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* libstdc++ or Boost.Iostreams for `NativeFileStream` (optional)
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* My other projects have further dependencies such as Qt. Checkout the README of these
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projects for further details.
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### How to build
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Example using Ninja:
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```
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cmake -G Ninja \
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-S "path/to/source/directory" \
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-B "path/to/build/directory" \
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-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
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-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="/final/install/location"
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make # build the binaries
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cmake --build "path/to/build/directory"
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# format source files (optional, must be enabled via CLANG_FORMAT_ENABLED)
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cmake --build "path/to/build/directory" --target tidy
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# build and run tests (optional)
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cmake --build "path/to/build/directory" --target check
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# build and run tests measuring test coverage (optional, must be enabled via CLANG_SOURCE_BASED_COVERAGE_ENABLED)
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cmake --build "path/to/build/directory" --target coverage
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# build API documentation (optional)
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cmake --build "path/to/build/directory" --target apidoc
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# install binaries, headers and additional files
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DESTDIR="/temporary/install/location" \
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cmake --install "path/to/build/directory"
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```
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#### General notes
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* ```LIB_SUFFIX```, ```LIB_SUFFIX_32``` and ```LIB_SUFFIX_64``` can be set to specify a suffix
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for the library directory, eg. lib*64* or lib*32*. The 32/64 variants are only used when building
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for 32/64-bit architecture.
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* By default the build system will *build* static libs. To *build* shared libraries *instead*, set
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`BUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON`.
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* By default the build system will prefer *linking against* shared libraries. To force *linking against*
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static libraries set `STATIC_LINKAGE=ON`. However, this will only affect applications. To force linking
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statically when building shared libraries set `STATIC_LIBRARY_LINKAGE=ON`.
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* If thread local storage is not supported by your compiler/platform (might be the case on MacOS), you can
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disable making use of it via `ENABLE_THREAD_LOCAL=OFF`.
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* To disable use of `std::filesystem`, set `USE_STANDARD_FILESYSTEM=OFF`. Note that the Bash completion will
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not be able to suggest files and directories with `USE_STANDARD_FILESYSTEM=OFF`.
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* To disable `NativeFileStream` (and make it just a regular `std::fstream`), set `USE_NATIVE_FILE_BUFFER=OFF`.
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Note that handling paths with non-ASCII characters will then cease to work on Windows.
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* The Qt-based applications support bundeling icon themes by specifying e.g.
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`BUILTIN_ICON_THEMES=breeze;breeze-dark`.
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* This variable must be set when building the application (not when building any of the libraries).
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* The specified icon themes need to be installed in the usual location. Otherwise, use e.g.
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`DBUILTIN_ICON_THEMES_SEARCH_PATH=D:/programming/misc/breeze-icons/usr/share/icons` to specify the
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search path.
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* For more detailed documentation, see the documentation about build variables (in
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[directory doc](https://github.com/Martchus/cpp-utilities/blob/master/doc/buildvariables.md) and
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in Doxygen version accessible via "Related Pages").
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* The repository [PKGBUILDs](https://github.com/Martchus/PKGBUILDs) contains build scripts for GNU/Linux,
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Android, Windows and MacOS X in form of Arch Linux packages using `ninja`. These scripts can be used as an
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example also when building under/for other platforms.
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#### Windows-specific notes
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* To create application icons the tool `ffmpeg`/`avconv` is required.
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* Windows builds are mainly conducted using mingw-w64/GCC so using them is recommended. Building with MSVC
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should be possible as well but it is not as well tested.
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* When using `BUILTIN_ICON_THEMES`, the icon theme still needs to be installed as if it was installed on a
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GNU/Linux system. So simply grab e.g. the Arch Linux package `breeze-icons` and extract it somewhere. Do
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*not* use the package from MSYS2 or what comes with builds from KDE's binary factory.
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#### MacOS-specific notes
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* To create application icons the tool `png2icns` is required.
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* Building for MacOS X under GNU/Linux is possible using [osxcross](https://github.com/tpoechtrager/osxcross).
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* MacOS X builds are not tested regularly but should generally work (maybe with minor tweaks necassary).
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* There is a [Homebrew formula](https://gist.github.com/rakkesh/0b13b8fca5dd1d57d98537ef1dd2e0dd) to
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build Tag Editor (without GUI).
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* There are [MacPorts packages](https://www.macports.org/ports.php?by=name&substr=syncthingtray-devel)
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to build Syncthing Tray.
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#### Development builds
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During development I find it useful to build all required projects (for instance c++utilities, qtutilities,
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tagparser and tageditor) as one big project.
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This can be easily achieved by using CMake's `add_subdirectory()` function. For project files see the repository
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[subdirs](https://github.com/Martchus/subdirs). For an example, see
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[build instructions for Syncthing Tray](https://github.com/Martchus/syncthingtray#building-this-straight) or
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[build instructions for Tag Editor](https://github.com/Martchus/tageditor#building-this-straight).
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For a debug build, use `-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug`. To tweak various settings (e.g. warnings) for development,
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use `-DENABLE_DEVEL_DEFAULTS=ON`.
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#### CMake presets
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There are some generic [presets](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-presets.7.html) available
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but also some specific to certain Arch Linux packaging found in the AUR and my PKGBUILDs repository.
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Use `cmake --list-presets` to list all presets. All `cmake` commands need to be executed within the source
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directory. Builds will be created within a sub-directory of the path specified via the environment variable
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`BUILD_DIR`. Here is an example for creating a build with the `arch-static-compat-devel` preset and invoking
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tests:
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```
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export BUILD_DIR=$HOME/builds # set build directory via environment variable
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cmake --preset arch-static-compat-devel # configure build
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cmake --build --preset arch-static-compat-devel -- -v # conduct build
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cmake --build --preset arch-static-compat-devel --target check # run tests
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cmake --build --preset arch-static-compat-devel --target tidy # apply formatting
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```
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This preset is quite special (see [PKGBUILDs](https://github.com/Martchus/PKGBUILDs#static-gnulinux-libraries)
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for details about it). The most useful presets for development are likely `devel`, `devel-qt6` and `debug`.
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Note that these presets are supposed to cover all of my projects (so some of them aren't really making a
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difference when just building `c++utilities` itself). To use presets in other projects, simply symlink the
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file `CMakePresets.json` into the source directory of those projects which works with the "subdirs" projects
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mentioned in the previous section as well.
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Note that the `devel` preset (and all presets inheriting from it) use `ccache` which therefore needs to be
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installed.
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The `win-x64-msvc-static` preset (and all presets inheriting from it) need various additional environment
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variables to be set:
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* `MSYS2_ROOT`: for Perl (only used by `qtforkawesome` so far), `clang-format`, Doxygen, FFmpeg and Go (only
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used by `libsyncthing`) provided via MSYS2 packages; install the following packages:
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```
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pacman -Syu perl mingw-w64-x86_64-clang-tools-extra mingw-w64-x86_64-doxygen mingw-w64-x86_64-ffmpeg mingw-w64-x86_64-go
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```
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* `MSVC_ROOT`: for compiler and stdlib usually installed as part of Visual Studio setup, e.g.
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`C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/2022/Community/VC/Tools/MSVC/14.34.31933`
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* `WIN_KITS_ROOT`: for Windows platform headers/libraries usually installed as part of Visual Studio setup,
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e.g. `C:/Program Files (x86)/Windows Kits/10`
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* `QT_ROOT`: for Qt libraries provided by the official Qt installer, e.g. `D:/programming/qt/6.5.0/msvc2019_64`
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* `QT_TOOLS`: for additional build tools provided by the official Qt installer, e.g. `D:/programming/qt/Tools`
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* `VCPKG_ROOT`: directory of VCPKG checkout used for other dependencies; install the following packages:
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```
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vcpkg install boost-system:x64-windows-static boost-iostreams:x64-windows-static boost-filesystem:x64-windows-static boost-hana:x64-windows-static boost-process:x64-windows-static boost-asio:x64-windows-static libiconv:x64-windows-static zlib:x64-windows-static openssl:x64-windows-static cppunit:x64-windows-static
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```
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### Packaging
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The mentioned repositories contain packages for `c++utilities` itself but also for my other projects.
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However, the README files of my other projects contain a more exhaustive list.
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#### Arch Linux package
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The repository [PKGBUILDs](https://github.com/Martchus/PKGBUILDs) contains files for building Arch Linux
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packages of the latest release and the Git master.
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PKGBUILDs to cross compile for Android, Windows (using mingw-w64) and for MacOS X (using osxcross) are
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included as well.
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#### RPM packages for openSUSE and Fedora
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RPM \*.spec files can be found at [openSUSE Build Servide](https://build.opensuse.org/project/show/home:mkittler).
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Packages are available for several architectures.
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There is also a [sub project](https://build.opensuse.org/project/show/home:mkittler:vcs) containing the builds
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from the Git master branch.
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#### Gentoo
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Checkout [Case_Of's overlay](https://codeberg.org/Case_Of/gentoo-overlay)
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or [perfect7gentleman's overlay](https://gitlab.com/Perfect_Gentleman/PG_Overlay).
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## Copyright notice and license
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Copyright © 2015-2023 Marius Kittler
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All code is licensed under [GPL-2-or-later](LICENSE).
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